Cross-Chain Bridges: Channels Connecting Different Blockchains
A cross-chain bridge allows assets or information to move between blockchains with different rules. It is an important mechanism for improving interoperability, but its design may also create security vulnerabilities, trust dependencies, and performance bottlenecks.
What Is a Cross-Chain Bridge?
A cross-chain bridge, also called a blockchain bridge, is a mechanism that helps assets and information move between different blockchain networks. Because chains may use different protocols, consensus mechanisms, and functional designs, they generally cannot communicate directly. A cross-chain bridge acts as a connecting channel that gives otherwise independent networks a degree of interoperability.
Functions and Common Types
A cross-chain bridge can support the movement of tokens across chains and improve liquidity among multiple networks, which is especially important for decentralized-finance applications that depend on liquidity. Common designs include federated cross-chain bridges, in which a group of trusted entities approves transfers, and relay cross-chain bridges, which pass information between chains and use a dedicated network to provide shared security.
Risks and Principles for Use
Cross-chain bridges are not risk-free. Attackers may exploit vulnerabilities in code or mechanisms and cause asset losses. The throughput limit of one chain may also slow overall processing and create a transaction bottleneck. Trust models and technical requirements vary among bridges, so users should research how a bridge operates, its limitations, and its security record before using it.
Original Tutorial
https://www.binance.com/zh-CN/academy/glossary/cross-chain-bridges
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