Difficulty
Difficulty is a dynamic parameter used by proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains to regulate the amount of mining computation, helping the network maintain a stable block production rate and security.
How Difficulty Affects Mining
Mining requires repeatedly changing the input and calculating the hash until a valid result below the target value is found. The lower the target value, the lower the probability of finding a qualifying hash and the greater the required computational work; therefore, mining difficulty is higher. The network automatically adjusts this parameter based on the overall hash rate to prevent blocks from being generated too quickly or too slowly.
Bitcoin's Difficulty Adjustment
Bitcoin generally targets approximately 10 minutes to generate a new block and adjusts the difficulty approximately every 2,016 blocks. If blocks have recently been generated faster than expected, the system increases the difficulty; if the pace is too slow, it decreases the difficulty. This adjustment helps keep the network operating at a relatively stable pace.
Hardware and Consensus Mechanisms
As difficulty increases, mining gradually shifts from ordinary personal computers and graphics cards to specialized equipment such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and other professional devices. Note that difficulty mainly applies to networks using proof of work (PoW); proof-of-stake (PoS) networks do not rely on mining and do not perform the same type of difficulty adjustment.
Original Tutorial
https://www.binance.com/zh-CN/academy/glossary/difficulty
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