Introduction to Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Zero-knowledge proofs enable one party to prove to another that it possesses a secret without disclosing the secret itself. They are commonly used to enhance privacy and security in authentication, transactions, and blockchain applications.
Basic Principles
A zero-knowledge proof is a verification method involving a prover and a verifier. The prover demonstrates possession of certain information, such as the solution to an equation or a system password, without having to reveal the information itself. The verifier confirms the relevant claim while obtaining as little of the secret information as possible, balancing verifiability with privacy protection.
Requirements
A reliable zero-knowledge proof must satisfy completeness and soundness. Completeness means that a prover who genuinely possesses the information can successfully prove it; soundness means that the verifier can identify and reject false claims. In addition, the verification process should preserve zero-knowledge, meaning that neither party exchanges or discloses the relevant secret as a result of the proof.
Use Cases
Such proofs are well suited to systems that prioritize privacy and security. For example, an authentication service can confirm that a user possesses credentials or knows a password without directly receiving the password itself. In the blockchain sector, projects such as Zcash use zk-SNARK to provide more private transactions; Ethereum has also used this type of proof since 2017 Byzantium upgrade.
Original Tutorial
https://www.binance.com/zh-CN/academy/glossary/zero-knowledge-proofs
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