Layer 2 Beginner's Guide
Layer 2 is a scaling solution built on a base blockchain. It mainly improves processing capacity and reduces usage costs by moving a large number of transactions off-chain and then submitting the results back to the main chain.
Layer 2 How to Scale
Layer 2 is built on Layer 1 establishes an independent processing environment where transactions are executed off-chain first, after which the summary, data, or proof of a batch of transactions is submitted to the main chain for settlement. This reduces congestion on the main chain without directly modifying the base chain, while retaining its security guarantees to some extent.
Rollups Two Approaches
Rollups batches multiple off-chain transactions before submitting them to the main chain.Optimistic rollups assumes that transactions are valid by default and sets a challenge period for participants to detect fraud;ZK-rollups generates a cryptographic validity proof for each batch of transactions. The two use different methods to confirm batch results.
Other Solutions and Security Differences
State channels allows participants to record only the opening and closing status of a channel on the main chain, while intermediate transactions remain off-chain, making it suitable for frequent, small-value interactions.Sidechains is an independent blockchain connected to the main chain through a bridge. It has its own consensus and security model and therefore cannot simply be considered to directly inherit Layer 1 security.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Layer 2 aims to address the trade-offs among blockchain security, decentralization, and scalability. Different solutions vary in settlement speed, cost, fund withdrawal methods, and security dependencies. Beginners should first determine who ultimately verifies transactions and how disputes can be challenged or funds withdrawn in exceptional circumstances.
Original Tutorial
https://www.binance.com/en/academy/glossary/layer-2
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