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Glossary

Terms60 terms

AI agentAn AI system that works toward goals, invokes tools, and produces results; the course distinguishes it from ordinary bots and assistants.
AI DeepfakeThe use of AI to synthesize or imitate another person’s voice and likeness in order to impersonate a trusted individual and make fraudulent requests appear more credible.
BEP-20The token standard on BNB Smart Chain that enables bStocks to be transferred and used in compatible wallets and on-chain applications.
DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)A community-led organization that uses Ethereum smart contracts to establish its fundamental rules and execute collective decisions.
GasA unit used by certain networks to measure computational resources consumed during execution; the actual transaction fee also depends on factors such as the gas price.
MultiplierAn on-chain elastic supply mechanism that automatically reflects corporate actions, such as net dividend reinvestment and stock splits, by adjusting bStock balances.
T+1 SettlementA settlement arrangement in traditional markets under which securities and funds are delivered on the next business day after the trade date.
Web2The current mainstream form of the internet, in which users' data and history are typically stored and controlled by the platforms they use.
Web3A vision that emphasizes user control over digital identity, data, and assets, and the use of technologies such as blockchain to build open internet services.
bStocksSecurity tokens issued by an issuer and backed 1:1 by the corresponding U.S. equities held with a regulated custodian, providing exposure to their price movements and associated economic benefits.
dApp (decentralized application)An application typically built on a public blockchain, often using connection of a digital wallet as the method of login and interaction.
MainnetA blockchain network in live operation; going live does not prove that a project is secure or worth investing in.
InternetThe Internet is a global network connecting computers, enabling digital information to be rapidly disseminated and shared.
Consensus AlgorithmA mechanism that helps different computers in a blockchain network reach agreement on a shared state or set of facts.
Cryptocurrency WalletA cryptocurrency wallet is a tool that enables users to access and directly control their assets and identities on public cryptographic networks.
Seed phraseAn ordered sequence of words used to recover private keys. Never provide it to customer support or unfamiliar websites.
BlockchainA data system in which multiple participants jointly maintain and sequentially append records according to established rules.
去中心化交易平台 (DEX)不代为保管用户资金、交易通常直接通过用户钱包完成的交易平台。
Decentralized exchange (DEX)A platform that operates through blockchain smart contracts and typically allows users to trade directly from their own wallets.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)An ecosystem comprising decentralized financial applications built on blockchain networks.
Double-Spending ProblemThe double-spending problem is the risk that the same unit of digital currency may be copied or spent more than once, thereby undermining the credibility of the ledger.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) TradingA trading method in which the two parties negotiate the price and quantity directly rather than using an exchange's order book.
Proof of WorkA consensus mechanism in which miners perform computations to solve cryptographic puzzles, validate transactions, and create new blocks.
Ponzi schemeA fraudulent scheme that uses funds contributed by new investors to pay purported returns to earlier participants, without any genuine profit-generating strategy.
Forced LiquidationA risk-management mechanism whereby the system forcibly closes a leveraged position after it moves unfavorably and breaches a specified threshold.
CustodyCustody is the protection, safekeeping, or management of assets by an individual or institution.
SkillA capability module that can be enabled in Binance AI Pro to support specific tasks such as market research, on-chain analysis, or workflow planning.
Pump and DumpA manipulative scheme in which promoters or insiders artificially inflate a project's hype and price, then sell their own holdings for a profit.
AuthorizationPermission allowing another entity or contract to perform specified operations; the scope and authorized party must be reviewed.
EfficiencyA measure of the runtime and computational resources required for an algorithm to complete a task.
DigitizationDigitization is the process of encoding information in digital form; such information is generally easy to copy and transmit.
Smart contractA program that executes according to network rules and may contain vulnerabilities, upgrade privileges, and external dependencies.
Pig-butchering scamA scam in which perpetrators first build trust with victims over an extended period, then induce them to repeatedly transfer funds to a fraudulent investment platform.
Leveraged TradingA trading method that uses borrowed funds to establish a position larger than the trader’s own capital, thereby magnifying both potential gains and losses.
CorrectnessMeasures whether an algorithm can accurately solve the problem it is designed to address.
Governance TokenA token used by DAO members to vote on protocol changes, system rules, or other proposals.
QuorumThe minimum voting participation requirement that must be met before a DAO proposal can be considered validly voted on or passed.
LiquidityThe quantity of an asset available for trading around a given price; when liquidity is insufficient, large orders are more likely to move the execution price.
TestnetAn environment used to test a network or application; test assets should not be regarded as a promise of returns.
LiquidationThe disposal of a position or collateral that occurs when collateral or margin requirements are not met; the specific conditions are determined by the product.
Asymptotic analysisA mathematical method for comparing the performance of algorithms as input size grows, which reduces the impact of differences in programming languages and hardware.
SlippageA situation in which a trade's actual execution price differs from the price originally requested or expected, commonly occurring in low-liquidity markets or with market orders.
SlippageThe phenomenon in which the actual execution price deviates from the expected price due to market movements or insufficient available liquidity.
Spot PriceThe asset's current market price in the spot market, which changes in real time as buy and sell orders are executed.
Spot MarketA financial market in which assets are bought and sold at current prices for immediate delivery or delivery within a short period of time.
Fractional ShareAn equity interest representing less than one full share, allowing users to gain partial investment exposure to the underlying stock with a smaller amount of capital.
Private KeySecret information used to sign transactions; leakage may result in loss of control.
StablecoinAn asset that seeks to track a reference value and is subject to risks including depegging, reserves, and redemption.
AlgorithmA finite, explicit set of step-by-step instructions for converting input into output, thereby solving a problem or completing a computation.
PhishingAn attack in which an attacker impersonates a legitimate service and uses fraudulent websites or messages to obtain sensitive information such as login credentials, personal information, and seed phrases.
Self-custodySelf-custody is a method by which users protect and manage assets themselves and directly retain control over the assets.
Self-custody walletA self-custody wallet is a wallet in which the user holds the private keys and the wallet service provider cannot control the assets on the user's behalf.
Automated Market Maker (AMM)A mechanism that allows traders to swap tokens against a liquidity pool rather than being matched with a specific counterparty.
Self-custodyUsers withdraw tokens to a compatible wallet under their own control for safekeeping, rather than leaving them in an account on a centralized platform.
Security TokenIn this context, an on-chain credential representing rights or economic interests in a specific financial instrument; it does not, by virtue of that fact alone, constitute direct equity ownership in the underlying company.
Rug Pull ScamA scam in which project developers attract funds from investors, then abandon the project and abscond with the funds or liquidity.
Pyramid schemeA fraudulent scheme in which participants profit primarily by recruiting new members, with fees flowing upward through multiple tiers, making the scheme ultimately unsustainable.
WalletIn the Web3 applications described in the materials, a tool used to connect to services, identify users, and manage crypto assets.
Zero-Knowledge ProofA cryptographic method that enables the validity of a transaction to be verified without revealing the specific transaction information.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT)A cryptographic token used to represent a unique digital or real-world asset and that cannot be exchanged on a like-for-like basis with another token.

Definition

Smart contract

A program that executes according to network rules and may contain vulnerabilities, upgrade privileges, and external dependencies.

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