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For information and learning only. Not investment advice. Crypto assets involve risk.

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Glossary

Terms50 shown

51% AttackA situation in which malicious actors control most of a network's hashing power and may threaten the operation of the blockchain.
51% attackAlso known as a majority attack, this refers to an attacker controlling more than half of a blockchain network’s hash power and potentially disrupting consensus, transaction confirmations, or carrying out double-spending.
ApeChainA Layer 3 blockchain network built on Arbitrum and powered by ApeCoin, designed to reduce transaction costs for participants in the Ape ecosystem.
Atomicals protocolAn open-source system for creating static or dynamic digital objects on blockchains that use the UTXO model.
B-TokenBinance's official name for a series of fully collateralized wrapped tokens. Each B-Token represents a transferable version of an original asset on another compatible blockchain.
BNB ChainA decentralized blockchain ecosystem for the Web3 economy, infrastructure, and services.
BNB Smart Chain (BSC)A blockchain launched in parallel with BNB Beacon Chain that provides an EVM-compatible layer supporting smart contracts, DApps, and DeFi services.
BRC-20An experimental standard for minting and transferring fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain using the Ordinals protocol.
BUIDLThe practice of developers and builders staying committed to the blockchain industry and focusing on creating innovative applications.
BlockchainA decentralized digital ledger that records cryptocurrency transaction information in chronological order.
Chain AbstractionA design approach that simplifies cross-chain interactions, so agents and users do not need to directly handle the technical differences among multiple blockchains.
DeFiA decentralized financial system that conducts activities such as lending and exchange through blockchain protocols.
DePINA decentralized physical infrastructure network that applies blockchain technology to real-world infrastructure such as energy, supply chains, and transportation.
EigenLayerA project built on the Ethereum blockchain that uses restaking and validator mechanisms to provide security for multiple services.
EthereumThe blockchain on which POAP was originally minted and issued.
Fan TokensBlockchain-based digital assets created by sports teams, clubs, or brands to strengthen fan engagement and provide specific benefits.
FilecoinA blockchain-based decentralized storage system that lets users rent out unused storage space and earn cryptocurrency rewards.
FinalityThe assurance that a confirmed blockchain transaction cannot be changed, reversed, or canceled after completion.
Full NodeA computer that stores the blockchain and independently validates transactions and blocks according to network rules.
Gnosis ChainThe low-cost, high-speed blockchain to which POAP later migrated and on which issued badges are stored.
Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)A dedicated messaging protocol used by the Cosmos ecosystem that enables independent blockchains to exchange assets without relying on a single centralized operator.
InteroperabilityThe ability of different blockchains to connect, communicate, and exchange assets and data with one another.
Layer 1The underlying blockchain network that provides final settlement and foundational security for Layer 2.
Layer 1 and Layer 2Layer 1 is the base blockchain network, while Layer 2 is a scaling network built on top of it that can handle high-frequency activity and reduce usage costs.
Layer 2A secondary protocol or framework built on an existing blockchain to offload transaction processing, improve speed, and reduce costs.
Layer 2 SolutionA scaling protocol built on an existing blockchain that improves scalability through mechanisms such as state channels, sidechains, or rollups.
Mainnet SwapRefers to the process by which a crypto project migrates its assets from one blockchain to another, commonly to the project's own native mainnet.
Messaging protocolsProtocols that transmit data and instructions between blockchains, allowing an application on one chain to trigger an operation on another.
OrdinalAn NFT-like entity that can be minted directly on the Bitcoin blockchain.
PlasmaA blockchain scaling framework that uses layered child chains to handle substantial processing and reduce the load on the main chain.
Platform tokensAssets used to support blockchain network operations, pay transaction fees, and execute smart contracts.
Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP)A protocol that uses blockchain technology to create digital badges recording attendance at particular events, as well as a term for the badges themselves.
RWAThe representation of ownership in off-chain assets such as government bonds, real estate, or commodities as blockchain tokens.
SidechainsAn independent blockchain that operates in parallel with the main chain and is connected via a bridge, while maintaining its own consensus mechanism and security model.
SnapshotThe process of recording the state of a blockchain ledger at a specific point in time, which may include addresses and their transactions, fees, balances, and metadata.
State ChannelA two-way communication mechanism that lets participants update shared state directly off-chain and relies on blockchain settlement only at stages such as opening and closing.
The GraphA decentralized protocol for indexing and querying blockchain data.
TokenA digital unit of value recorded on a blockchain that can represent an asset, utility, or access right within a particular ecosystem.
TokensDigital units issued on a blockchain that may provide access to a product or service, represent an interest in a real-world asset, or grant voting rights in protocol governance.
UTXOShort for unspent transaction output, UTXO is a model used by Bitcoin and similar blockchains to organize and track spendable transaction value.
ValidatorParticipants who verify whether transactions and blocks are valid under blockchain network rules; in PoS, this usually refers to a formal role responsible for proposing or confirming blocks through staking.
Web 3.0An internet concept commonly associated with blockchains, decentralization, and user ownership of data and digital assets.
Web3A vision that emphasizes user control over digital identity, data, and assets, and the use of technologies such as blockchain to build open internet services.
airdropAn event that distributes tokens to users according to conditions such as the balance of a blockchain address.
archive nodeA node that retains the complete blockchain history from the genesis block while also performing full validation.
blockA unit of data used to contain transactions and write them to a blockchain.
block heightThe number of blocks confirmed on a blockchain since the genesis block, or block 0, used to identify a specific position on the chain.
blockchainOn-chain technology used to secure digital records and asset information.
blockchain trilemmaThe trade-off that makes it difficult for a blockchain to achieve security, decentralization, and scalability simultaneously.
blocksUnits of data added to a blockchain by miners to record and confirm transactions.

Definition

Layer 2

A secondary protocol or framework built on an existing blockchain to offload transaction processing, improve speed, and reduce costs.

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