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For information and learning only. Not investment advice. Crypto assets involve risk.

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Glossary

Terms41 shown

PoSAProof of Staked Authority is BSC’s consensus mechanism; validators participate in block validation by staking BNB and earn transaction fees.
Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP)A protocol that uses blockchain to create digital badges and record attendance at specific events; it also refers to the badges themselves.
Proof of StakeA consensus mechanism in which validators lock up tokens to help secure the network and validate blocks.
Proof of Stake (PoS)A consensus mechanism that rewards block validation based on the amount of tokens staked by validators.
Proof of WorkA consensus mechanism in which miners compete to validate blocks,Bitcoin uses this mechanism.
Proof-of-Work (PoW)A mechanism in which miners contribute computing power to compete for the right to create new blocks, while full nodes validate the network rules.
RollupsA scaling solution that bundles multiple off-chain transactions and submits compressed data or cryptographic proofs to the main chain.
ValidiumA type of rollup that processes transactions off-chain, relies on a proof-of-stake validator network, and submits data to Layer 1.
ZK-rollupsGenerate cryptographic validity proofs for each batch of transactions, enabling the main chain to verify the results; this is a type of Rollups.
proof of stakeA blockchain mechanism that aligns validator incentives through staking and slashing, reducing the attractiveness of dishonest behavior.
proof of stake (PoS)A consensus method that does not rely on hash mining, and therefore does not require competition over ASIC mining capacity.
proof of workA blockchain mechanism that deters improper behavior by increasing the cost of attacks.
proof of work (PoW)A consensus mechanism that relies on miners repeatedly performing computations and finding valid solutions.
proof-of-stakeA mechanism in which validators lock up tokens to help secure the network and receive newly issued tokens as staking rewards.
proof-of-stake (PoS)A mechanism that typically combines randomness and stake size to select validators to propose or attest to blocks, without relying on computational power competition.
proof-of-workA consensus mechanism in which miners compete to solve mathematical problems; the finder of a valid solution may add the next block and receive a block reward.
slashingA penalty arrangement in proof of stake that imposes economic losses for dishonest behavior.
zk-SNARKAn abbreviation for “zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge,” a method for implementing zero-knowledge proofs.
zk-STARKAbbreviation for “Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge,” a zero-knowledge proof scheme that requires no trusted setup and is based on collision-resistant hash functions.
“Proof of Work” (PoW)The consensus mechanism used in Bitcoin mining, in which completing computational work requiring substantial computing power serves as the basis for adding new blocks.
Beacon ChainEthereum’s proof-of-stake consensus layer, responsible for coordinating stakers to validate the network and maintain network security.
Proof of ReservesA verification method used to check whether custodians such as exchanges hold sufficient funds corresponding to their customers’ assets.
Proof of Reserves (PoR)used by trading platforms to prove that they hold sufficient funds and can cover, at a 1:1 ratio, the assets held in custody for users.
HalvingThe process by which proof-of-work cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin reduce the block subsidy by half according to established rules.
IntegrityA prover who truly possesses the relevant information should be able to complete the proof with a high degree of reliability.
Proof of WorkA consensus mechanism in which miners solve cryptographic puzzles through computation to validate transactions and create new blocks.
Proof of Work (PoW)A consensus mechanism in which miners compete using computational power to solve problems, thereby validating transactions and adding new blocks.
Proof of Work (PoW)A mechanism in which miners compete to add new blocks by solving computational problems, and the network verifies the computational results.
MiningThe process in which participants in a proof-of-work network organize transactions and search for a block hash that meets the target, earning subsidies and transaction fees from valid blocks.
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) is a consensus mechanism that combines the characteristics of Proof of Stake and Proof of Authority, emphasizing relatively fast finality and lower fees.
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)A consensus mechanism that combines Proof of Stake with Proof of Authority, requiring validators to both hold or stake tokens and have a trusted reputation.
Proof of Authority (PoA)A consensus model in which validators are preselected based on their reputation; the key requirement for becoming a validator is a trusted reputation rather than staked assets.
Proof of StakeA mechanism that supports network consensus through participants staking assets and performing validation activities.
Proof of Stake (PoS)A consensus mechanism that selects validators primarily based on the amount of cryptocurrency staked by participants.
Proof of Stake (PoS)A consensus mechanism in which validators stake assets on the network to participate in creating new blocks.
Fraud proofCryptographic evidence submitted by a verifier to challenge the validity of a transaction and identify an incorrect state transition, typically activated only when an inconsistency is detected.
Liquidity provider tokenA proof-of-reward token received by a liquidity provider after supplying two or more tokens to a liquidity pool.
StakingA mechanism for committing assets and participating in maintaining the security of proof-of-stake networks.
On-chain verificationThe process by which smart contracts on the blockchain check whether signatures, transaction proofs, and other information are valid.
Difficulty BombA code mechanism that increases Ethereum’s mining difficulty over time to help drive the network’s transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake.
Zero-Knowledge ProofsA cryptographic method for verifying the validity of a transaction without disclosing specific transaction information.

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Definition

Halving

The process by which proof-of-work cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin reduce the block subsidy by half according to established rules.

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