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For information and learning only. Not investment advice. Crypto assets involve risk.

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Glossary

Terms50 shown

51% attackAlso known as a majority attack, this refers to an attacker controlling more than half of a blockchain network’s hash power and potentially disrupting consensus, transaction confirmations, or carrying out double-spending.
Atomicals protocolAn open-source system for creating static or dynamic digital objects on blockchains that use the UTXO model.
B-TokenBinance's official name for a series of fully collateralized wrapped tokens. Each B-Token represents a transferable version of an original asset on another compatible blockchain.
BRC-20An experimental standard for minting and transferring fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain using the Ordinals protocol.
BUIDLThe practice of developers and builders staying committed to the blockchain industry and focusing on creating innovative applications.
Blockchain按时间顺序记录加密货币交易信息的去中心化数字账本。
Chain AbstractionA design approach that simplifies cross-chain interactions, so agents and users do not need to directly handle the technical differences among multiple blockchains.
DeFiA decentralized financial system that conducts activities such as lending and exchange through blockchain protocols.
Full NodeA computer that stores the blockchain and independently validates transactions and blocks according to network rules.
Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)Cosmos 生态采用的一种专用消息协议，可让独立区块链交换资产而不依赖单一中心化运营方。
Layer 1 and Layer 2Layer 1 is the base blockchain network, while Layer 2 is a scaling network built on top of it that can handle high-frequency activity and reduce usage costs.
Layer 2 SolutionA scaling protocol built on an existing blockchain that improves scalability through mechanisms such as state channels, sidechains, or rollups.
Mainnet SwapRefers to the process by which a crypto project migrates its assets from one blockchain to another, commonly to the project's own native mainnet.
OrdinalAn NFT-like entity that can be minted directly on the Bitcoin blockchain.
Platform tokensAssets used to support blockchain network operations, pay transaction fees, and execute smart contracts.
SidechainsAn independent blockchain that operates in parallel with the main chain and is connected via a bridge, while maintaining its own consensus mechanism and security model.
SnapshotThe process of recording the state of a blockchain ledger at a specific point in time, which may include addresses and their transactions, fees, balances, and metadata.
UTXOShort for unspent transaction output, UTXO is a model used by Bitcoin and similar blockchains to organize and track spendable transaction value.
ValidatorParticipants who verify whether transactions and blocks are valid under blockchain network rules; in PoS, this usually refers to a formal role responsible for proposing or confirming blocks through staking.
Web3A vision that emphasizes user control over digital identity, data, and assets, and the use of technologies such as blockchain to build open internet services.
blockchain用于保障数字记录和资产信息的链上技术。
blockchain trilemma区块链在安全性、去中心化和可扩展性三项目标之间难以同时兼顾的取舍。
dApp (decentralized application)An application typically built on a public blockchain, often using connection of a digital wallet as the method of login and interaction.
sidechainsA blockchain that runs in parallel with the main network and interacts with it through a two-way connection.
Relay BridgeA cross-chain bridge that forwards information between different blockchains and typically uses a dedicated network to provide shared security.
MainnetA blockchain network in live operation; going live does not prove that a project is secure or worth investing in.
Transaction feesFees required to submit and execute operations on a blockchain; frequent small-value operations place particular emphasis on their level and predictability.
Token StandardA set of rules, protocols, and specifications that govern how digital tokens operate and interact on a specific blockchain.
Traditional NFTA token usually minted on a smart-contract blockchain to represent a digital item and potentially link to off-chain metadata.
Consensus AlgorithmA mechanism that helps different computers in a blockchain network reach agreement on a shared state or set of facts.
ForkA divergence in a blockchain network caused by a protocol upgrade or disagreement among nodes over the rules.
ShardingA scalability method that divides a blockchain or database into multiple smaller partitions, with each partition managing and processing a specific segment of data.
Cryptocurrency MiningThe process of verifying transactions on a blockchain network and adding their records to the blockchain ledger.
BlockchainA data system in which multiple participants jointly maintain and sequentially append records according to established rules.
blockchain explorerA tool for querying public blockchain records by address, transaction, and other information.
Block HeightA block's sequential position in a blockchain; a difficulty bomb adjusts mining difficulty at a predetermined block height.
Decentralized exchange (DEX)A platform that operates through blockchain smart contracts and typically allows users to trade directly from their own wallets.
Decentralized Application (DApp)An application that operates on blockchain technology and smart contracts, which can be used to build user-facing AI agent services.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)An ecosystem comprising decentralized financial applications built on blockchain networks.
ThroughputThe number of transactions a blockchain can process within a given period, an important metric for evaluating its capacity to support high-frequency AI activity.
AddressA text string used to identify the location of a wallet or account on a blockchain and to send and receive digital assets.
Censorship ResistanceThe property whereby valid transactions on a blockchain network cannot easily be blocked, altered, or reversed by any single party.
Eclipse AttackA network-layer attack that controls all network connections of a single blockchain node, isolates it from honest nodes, and manipulates the information it receives.
Liquid Staking Token (LST)A cryptocurrency token representing staked assets on a blockchain network.
Hard forkA protocol change that is not backward-compatible and may split a blockchain into two independently operating paths when there is disagreement.
Confirmation TimeThe time elapsed from when a blockchain transaction is submitted to the network until it is ultimately recorded in a confirmed block.
Private BlockchainIn this context, a permissioned blockchain typically controlled by a single entity with restrictions on participation.
Federated BridgeA cross-chain bridge in which a group of trusted entities approves asset transfers between different blockchains.
NodeA computer that participates in a blockchain network, synchronizes data, and validates related records.
Node operatorA participant responsible for running machines that validate blockchain transactions and deciding whether to upgrade the system when the protocol changes.

Definition

Layer 1 and Layer 2

Layer 1 is the base blockchain network, while Layer 2 is a scaling network built on top of it that can handle high-frequency activity and reduce usage costs.

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